Active and Passive voice

A. Kalimat aktif (active voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya melakukan pekerjaan. Active voice lebih sering digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dibandingkan dengan passive voice.
Contoh :
Active voice : They catch some cat in the cage.
Passive voice : Some cat are catched by Them in the cage.
Dari contoh tersebut dapat dijelaskan sebagai berikut:
1. Object dari active voice “some cat” menjadi subject dari passive voice
2. Subject dari active voice (they) menjadi object dari passive voice. Perhatikan pula bahwa terjadi perubahan dari subject pronoun they menjadi object pronoun them.
3. Verb1 (catch) pada active voice menjadi verb3 (catched) pada passive voice.
4. Ditambahkannya be are di depan verb3. Be yang digunakan adalah tergantung pada subject passive voice dan tenses yang digunakan.
5. Ditambahkannya kata by di belakang verb3.
6. Khusus untuk kalimat-kalimat progressive (present, past, past perfect, future, past future, dan past future perfect continuous, perlu menambahkan ‘being’ di depan verb3). Kalau tidak ditambahkan “being”, tensisnya akan berubah, bukan progressive/continuous lagi.
B. Kalimat pasif (passive voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya dikenai pekerjaan oleh object kalimat. Passive voice digunakan karena object dari active voice merupakan informasi yang lebih penting dibandingkan dengan subject-nya.

Passive voice : that comic is being bought by sudibya
Active voice : Sudibya is buying that comic.

Dari contoh tersebut dapat dijelaskan:
1. Object dari passive voice sudibya menjadi subject dari active voice.
2. Subject dari passive voice that comic menjadi object dari active voice.
3. Verb 3 (bought) pada passive voice berubah menjadi buying dan bila pada active voicenya verb 1 + ing maka pada passive voice harus ditambahkan being.

a Simple present : Active : (S+V1)
Passive : to be (is/am/are) verb 3
b Present Continuos: Active : (S+to be(is/am/are)+V+ing)
Passive : to be (is/am/are)+being+V3

c Present Perfect: Active : (S+have/has+V3)
Passive : (have/has+been+V3)
d Simple Past: Active : (S+V2)
Passive : to be ( was/were+V3)
e Past Continuous: Active : S+to be (was/were)+Verb+ing)
Passive : to be (was/were)+being+V3
f Past Perfect Active : (S+had+V3)
Passive : (had+been+V3)

Contoh kalimat active dan passive berdasarkan tense nya adalah sebagai berikut:

1. Simple present
A : I read a newspaper
P : A newspaper is read by me.
A : Felix sweeps the floor every day.
P : The floor is swept by felix every day.
A : we hunt some pig.
P : Some pig are hunted by us.
2. Present Continuous
A : He is drinking a cup of tea.
P : A cup of tea is being drunk by him.
A : They are catching some cat at the moment.
P : Some cat are being catched by them at the moment.
A : Felix is sweeping the floor now.
P : The floor is being swept by felix now.
3. Present Perfect
A : felix has swept the floor
P : The floor has been swept by felix.
A : Sudibya has bought that book of knowledge.
P : That book of knowledge has been bought by sudibya.
A : They have catched some fish.
P : Some fish have been catched by them.


4. Simple past
A : she ate some fried chicken.
P : Some fried chicken was eaten by her.
A : Felix swept the floor.
P : The floor was swept by felix.
A : they hunted some pig
P : Some pig were hunted by them.
5. Past Continuos
A : Felix was sweeping the room.
P : The room was being swept by felix.
A : Rivan ws recording our conversation.
P : Our conversation was being recorded by rivan.
A : They were catching some fish.
P : Some fish were being catched by them.
6. Past Perfect
A : Lucida had swabt the class room.
P : Class room had been swabt by lucida.
A : They had hunted some pig.
P : Some pig had been hunted by them.
A : They have ordered some Chinese food.
P : Some Chinese food has been ordered by them.


REFERENSI :
Simanjuntak, Herpinus.1992. Menguasai bahasa INGGERIS. Jakarta.Yovidherci,CV.
Buku catatan bahasa inggris.