Bencana oh bencana...

Bencana alam silih berganti detik demi detik menit bahkan jam hingga hari bulan dan tahun pun menjadi saksi biksu atas kedatangannya. Bencana alam memang tidak dapat diprediksi, karena merupakan kuasa Tuhan yang kapan saja dapat terjadi entah muda, dewasa, bahkan tua pun akan mengalaminnya.
Baru-baru ini terjadi musibah yang sangat dahsyat dan bersejarah bagi bangsa jepang, bencana tersebut akan mengingatkan kita pada tanggal 26 desember 2004 yaitu bencana tsunami di Aceh. bencana yang terjadi di jepang ini sungguh lebih dahsyat dari bencana tsunami yang ada di jepang, selang kurun waktu 140 tahun bencana alam Tsunami ini lebih dahsyat, banyak kerugian yang dialami negara tersebut selain korban jiwa, dan materi.
dalam bencana tersebut pasti ada hikmahnya, smoga tim sar dapat mengevakuasi para korban dan dapat menjalankan tugasnya dengan baik. dan semoga negara-negara lain dapat tergerak untuk membantu negara jepang dalam mengatasi masalah tersebut, dengan memberikan bantuan materi atau obat-obatan yang dapat bermanfaat bagi para korban. dan untuk WNI kita yang ada di jepang semoga dapat selamat dan dapat kembali ke tanah air dengan selamat.

Active and Passive voice

A. Kalimat aktif (active voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya melakukan pekerjaan. Active voice lebih sering digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dibandingkan dengan passive voice.
Contoh :
Active voice : They catch some cat in the cage.
Passive voice : Some cat are catched by Them in the cage.
Dari contoh tersebut dapat dijelaskan sebagai berikut:
1. Object dari active voice “some cat” menjadi subject dari passive voice
2. Subject dari active voice (they) menjadi object dari passive voice. Perhatikan pula bahwa terjadi perubahan dari subject pronoun they menjadi object pronoun them.
3. Verb1 (catch) pada active voice menjadi verb3 (catched) pada passive voice.
4. Ditambahkannya be are di depan verb3. Be yang digunakan adalah tergantung pada subject passive voice dan tenses yang digunakan.
5. Ditambahkannya kata by di belakang verb3.
6. Khusus untuk kalimat-kalimat progressive (present, past, past perfect, future, past future, dan past future perfect continuous, perlu menambahkan ‘being’ di depan verb3). Kalau tidak ditambahkan “being”, tensisnya akan berubah, bukan progressive/continuous lagi.
B. Kalimat pasif (passive voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya dikenai pekerjaan oleh object kalimat. Passive voice digunakan karena object dari active voice merupakan informasi yang lebih penting dibandingkan dengan subject-nya.

Passive voice : that comic is being bought by sudibya
Active voice : Sudibya is buying that comic.

Dari contoh tersebut dapat dijelaskan:
1. Object dari passive voice sudibya menjadi subject dari active voice.
2. Subject dari passive voice that comic menjadi object dari active voice.
3. Verb 3 (bought) pada passive voice berubah menjadi buying dan bila pada active voicenya verb 1 + ing maka pada passive voice harus ditambahkan being.

a Simple present : Active : (S+V1)
Passive : to be (is/am/are) verb 3
b Present Continuos: Active : (S+to be(is/am/are)+V+ing)
Passive : to be (is/am/are)+being+V3

c Present Perfect: Active : (S+have/has+V3)
Passive : (have/has+been+V3)
d Simple Past: Active : (S+V2)
Passive : to be ( was/were+V3)
e Past Continuous: Active : S+to be (was/were)+Verb+ing)
Passive : to be (was/were)+being+V3
f Past Perfect Active : (S+had+V3)
Passive : (had+been+V3)

Contoh kalimat active dan passive berdasarkan tense nya adalah sebagai berikut:

1. Simple present
A : I read a newspaper
P : A newspaper is read by me.
A : Felix sweeps the floor every day.
P : The floor is swept by felix every day.
A : we hunt some pig.
P : Some pig are hunted by us.
2. Present Continuous
A : He is drinking a cup of tea.
P : A cup of tea is being drunk by him.
A : They are catching some cat at the moment.
P : Some cat are being catched by them at the moment.
A : Felix is sweeping the floor now.
P : The floor is being swept by felix now.
3. Present Perfect
A : felix has swept the floor
P : The floor has been swept by felix.
A : Sudibya has bought that book of knowledge.
P : That book of knowledge has been bought by sudibya.
A : They have catched some fish.
P : Some fish have been catched by them.


4. Simple past
A : she ate some fried chicken.
P : Some fried chicken was eaten by her.
A : Felix swept the floor.
P : The floor was swept by felix.
A : they hunted some pig
P : Some pig were hunted by them.
5. Past Continuos
A : Felix was sweeping the room.
P : The room was being swept by felix.
A : Rivan ws recording our conversation.
P : Our conversation was being recorded by rivan.
A : They were catching some fish.
P : Some fish were being catched by them.
6. Past Perfect
A : Lucida had swabt the class room.
P : Class room had been swabt by lucida.
A : They had hunted some pig.
P : Some pig had been hunted by them.
A : They have ordered some Chinese food.
P : Some Chinese food has been ordered by them.


REFERENSI :
Simanjuntak, Herpinus.1992. Menguasai bahasa INGGERIS. Jakarta.Yovidherci,CV.
Buku catatan bahasa inggris.

DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

Direct speech adalah pembicaraan langsung dengan seseorang. Pembicaraan atau perkataan tersebut diberi tanda koma dan tanda kutip pembuka dan penutup.

Ø  Indirect speech adalah Pembicaraan tidak langsung dengan seseorang, artinya kata-kata yang diucapkan sipembicara diulang kembali kepada seseorang.

Example :

·         Direct speech     : He  says, “you are stupid girl”

·         Indirect speech  : He says that iam stupid girl

Dalam Indirect speech, tanda koma (,) diganti dengan that dan tanda kutip pembuka dan penutup yang digunakan dalam direct speech harus dihilangkan dalam  indirect speech.

Note :  a. = Direct Speech

            b. = Indirect Speech

More examples   :       

1.  a. He says, “you are very busy”

                                         b. He says that I am very busy

                                    2.  a He said, “I want to visit you”

                                         b. He said that he wanted to visit me

                                    3. a. Diana said, “don’t be noisy!”

                                        b. Diana said to me  not to noisy

4. a. He asked, “what is your name?”

    b. He asked me what my name was

5. a. “ can you swim?”, he asked

    b. He asked me if  I could swim

Gunakan if atau whether bila tidak ada kata Tanya seperti where, what, why dan lain-lain .

Tanda Tanya dihilangkan karena bukan kalimat Tanya lagi dalam indirect speech.             

Penting Diketahui!

1. You become change I/me or he/she/him/her

2. I become change he/she

3. my become change his/her

4. we become change they

5. Us become change them

6. Their become change our

7. penyesuaian waktu (tense) :

Ø  Bila kata kerja dalam bentuk present, misalnya: say, ask, order dan kata-kata yang disampaikan dalam present juga, maka tensenya tidak berubah

Ø  Bila kata kerja dalam bentuk past, misalnya said, asked, ordered dan kata-kata yang disampaikan dalam present, maka tensenya harus past atau past perfect.

R REFERENSI
Simanjuntak,  Herpinus.1992. Menguasai bahasa INGGERIS. Jakarta.Yovidherci,CV.

Command and Request (Kalimat Permohonan)

Pengertian command and request  adalah kalimat permintaan / permohonan dengan kata ganti orang kedua.

Example:
Come here! Artinya marilah ke sini!
Try to speak English! Artinya cobalah berbicara bahasa Inggris!
Study diligently! Artinya belajarlah dengan rajin!

If the sentences not verb, and then used “Be” on the sentences because be is verb, but this “Be” nothing mean.

Examples:
Be good to her! Artinya baik-baiklah kepadanya!
Be diligent! Artinya Rajin-rajinlah!
Be careful! Artinya hati-hatilah!

Catatan penting:

Do not dapat disingkat menjadi Don’t yang artinya adalah jangan bila diletakkan didepan kalimat.

Misalnya:

don’t try this at campus! Jangan mencoba ini di kampus
Do not come here! Artinya jangan datang kemari!
Don’t look at me! Artinya jangan lihat saya!
Don’t forget your  homework! Artinya jangan lupakan pekerjaan rumah!
Do not steal! Artinya jangan mencuri!

Jadi jangan pake “good” saja atau “good good“. Karena kalimat Command and Request ini tidak ada “verb“-nya, maka “be“-lah yang menjadi wakil “verb“.
Akan tetapi kalau sesudah be itu ada kata benda atau nama orang maka arti be itu adalah jadi/menjadi, misalnya:
Be a man!                    = Jadilah laki-laki!
Be a director!              = Jadilah guru!
Be a teacher!               = Jadilah guru!
Don’t be a corruptor! = Jangan jadi koruptor!
Don’t be a traitor!       = Jangan jadi pengkhianat!
Be an honest man       = Jadi orang jujurlah!
Don’t be noisy     = jangan gaduh
Don’t be stupid!  = Jangan bodoh!
Don’t be careless  = Jangan lalai!
Don’t be ashamed  = Jangan malu!

Don’t cheat             =  Jangan menyontek!

REFERENSI:

Simanjuntak,  Herpinus.1992. Menguasai bahasa INGGERIS. Jakarta.Yovidherci,CV.
Sudarwati Th. M, 2006. LOOK AHEAD An English Course.Jakarta. Erlangga.

Adverb Clause

Adverbial Clause adalah Clause (anak kalimat) yang berfungsi sebagai Adverb, yakni menerangkan kata kerja.

Adverbial Clause biasanya diklasifikasikan berdasarkan maksud dari Conjunction.

Jenis-jenis Adverbial Clause antara lain:

1. Clause of Time

Clause yang menunjukkan waktu. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti until, before, after, as soon as, as, once, etc.

Example :

·         I stayed  in the house until the rain stopped.

·         You must study hard, before final test.

·         Once he got the chance, he hit the big man  in the head.

·         As the man was waiting for his wife in front of the house, the child began crying.

·         By the time I arrived,  the child had already slept.

·         As soon as the rain started, he stopped his car.

·         The crocodile was killed by the people, after he wounded the baby.

2. Clause of Place

Clause yang menunjukkan tempat. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction seperti where, nowhere, anywhere, wherever, dll.

Contoh:

·         Where there is a will, there is a way.

·         Where there is poverty, there we find discontent and unrest.

·         He said he was happy where he was.

·         Iam always pray anywhere iam stay.

·         Don’f forget me wherever you go.

·         You may go wherever you like.

·         Wherever you are, I’ll be able to find you.

·         I’ll go where I can find true happiness.

3. Clause of Manner

Clause yang menunjukkan cara bagaimana suatu pekerjaan dilakukan atau peristiwa terjadi. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti as, how, like, in that, dll.

Contoh:

·         Do as I ask you to do.

·         The braggart talks as if he knew everything.

·         He behaves as though  he owned the  place.

·         How to mend a puncture.

·         They may beat  us again, like they did in 1947.

·          

4. Clause of Contrast (or Concession)

Clause yang menunjukkan adanya pertentangan antara dua kejadian atau peristiwa yang saling berhubungan. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti although, though, even though, whereas, even if,, as the time, dll.

Examples:

·         Ridho He is still poor although he has worked so hard.

·         As the time you were sleeping, we were working hard.

·         Even though I don’t have much money, I will try to help him.

·         Ferry  wanted  to stop, whereas I wanted to go on.

·         He is very friendly, even if he is a diligent student.

5. Clause of Purpose and Result

Clause yang menunjukkan hubungan maksud/tujuan dan hasil. Dan biasanya menggunakan conjuction seperti (in order) that, so that, in the hope that, to the end that,  in case, dll.

Examples:

·         She bought a book  so (that) she could read.

·         I am working night and day in the hope that I can the richman..

·         Felix  takes a computer lesson in order that she can get a job easily.

·         People eat nutritious food so that they will keep healthy.

·         She puts the milk in the refrigerator so that it doesn’t spoil.

6. Clause of Cause and Effect

Clause yang menunjukkan hubungan sebab dan akibat.

Contoh:

• Ronaldo  ran so fast that he broke the previous speed record.
• It was so cold yesterday that I didn't want to swim.
• The soup tastes so good that everyone will ask for more.
• The student had behaved so badly that he was dismissed from the class room.
• Ryan  not study hard and then the final test he got a bad score.

Contoh:

• Sudibya had so many children that they formed their own football team.
• I had so little  job offers that it wasn't difficult to select one.

Contoh:

• Arshadyn  has invested so much money in the project that he can’t  abandon it now.
• The grass received so little water that it turned brown in the heat.

Contoh:

• It was such a cold day that we decided to stay  in the house. Or  It was cold  a day  that  we decided to stay  in the house.
• It was such an  interesting comic that he couldn't put it down. Or It was so interesting a comic that he couldn't put it down.

Contoh:

• She has such exceptional abilities that everyone is jealous of  her.
• They are such beautiful pictures that everybody will want one.
• Perry has had such bad luck that he's decided not to gamble.
• This is such difficult homework that I will never finish it.

Di samping itu, untuk mengungkapkan hubungan cause and effect atau(sebab dan akibat) dapat digunakan pola lain, yaitu:

1.       Used the preposition  seperti because of, due to, due to the fact that, dll

Examples:

• Because of  the universal people used the English language, we must learn the English.
• Due to the English important for all people, we learn the English.
• Due to the fact that everybody needs to learn English to great the global era.

2.       Used the conjunction an examples : because, since, now, so, but ,...etc

Contoh:

• Because he was boring, he went to a musement.
• The pamardian hing school built since 1965.
• Now 1 want to study hard!
• The dog bit the hunter’s leg so the hunter missed the shoot.
• I want to holiday on the weekend but I’m don’t  have  money.

3.       Used the transition words seperti therefore, consequently.

Contoh:

• Roma failed the interview because he didn't study hard..
• Roma didn't study hard, Therefore, he failed the interview.
• Roma didn't study. Consequently, he failed the interview.

7. Clause of Condition

Clause yang menunjukkan adanya persyaratan antara dua kejadian (peristiwa) yang berhubungan. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunctions seperti if, even if, unless, , in case, if only, condition (that), suppose (that), dll.

Contoh:

• If  I have a money, I want to shopping in the mall.
• He would forgive his wife everything, if only she would come back to his.
• Suppose (that) your apartment burns down, do you have enough insurance to cover such a loss.
• Even if the accident of  plane not happened, my son not was died.
• In case a robberyhappen in the hotel, the management must be notified at once.
• The company will agree to arbitration on condition (that) the strike is called off at once.

8. Clausa of Reason

Clausa yang menunjukan alas an mengenai suatu hal, biasanya menggunakan conjuction as, since, because, dll.

·         Rivan doesn’t go to school because she is sick.

·         Since it’s raining so heavily, I can’t go out.

·         As I wasn’t there, I didn’t know what had happened.

·         Because you get

REFERENSI:

Kristono, D cahyono Kristiawan, Purnama Eka, Tupan Albert, Kastaredja Suhanto.2006.THE BRIDGE ENGLISH COMPETENCE.Jakarta.Yudhistira.

Sudarwati Th. M, 2006. LOOK AHEAD An English Course.Jakarta. Erlangga.
Buku catatan SMA

         

BENCANA ALAM MENTAWAI

Tsunami mentawai yang terjadi tanggal 26 oktober 2010 telah merenggut banyak nyawa dan juga korban, hingga kini proses pencarian korban tsunami mentawai masih terus dilangsungkan, Indonesia tengah berduka karena pada saat yang sama terjadi banyak bencana alam seperti Letusan merapi, tsunami mentawai dan juga banjir jakarta. Ratusan orang meninggal, warga kehilangan tempat tinggal, dan kini bahan makanan semakin menipis. Warga pun terpaksa harus berpikir dan mencari jalan keluar sendiri. Berita bencana di Indonesia kini juga tengah menjadi sorotan dunia, terbukti dengan banyaknya pemberitaan mengenai bencana di indonesia yang terjadi sekaligus seperti banjir wasior, letusan merapi dan juga tsunami mentawai.                                                                                                                             Bencana yang di alami negara Indonesia saat ini merupakan peringatan bagi kita warga negara Indonesia untuk lebih peduli lagi kepada sesama dan mulai berfikir untuk lebih menyerahkan segala sesuatu kepada Tuhan. Kita sebagai satu bangsa dan Negara harus dapat saling tolong-menolong walaupun dalam keadaan suka dan duka.                                                                
Bencana alam Mentawai, Sumatera Barat pada akhir Oktober tersebut telah menimbulkan luka yang yang mendalam pada warga mentawai, karena selain memakan korban jiwa juga harta benda mereka hilang tak tersisa.
Solusi dari saya terhadap bencana alam Tsunami di Mentawai tersebut adalah

pemerintah harus memperhatikan warga Negara yang tinggal atau bermukim dipesisir pantai, hal tersebut dapat dilakukan dengan memasang alat pendeteksi Tsunami, sehingga warga yang tinggal didekat pesisir pantai dapat bersiap-siap bila alarm pendeteksi tsunami berbunyi. Dan selanjutnya bila merasakan gempa bumi yang getarannya cukup kencang sesegeralah mengungsi ketempat yang lebih aman, misalnya seperti lapangan. Semoga artikel dari saya bermanfaat.terima kasih